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Minggu, 24 April 2016

hyperbole


Hyperbole

Hyperbole Definition

Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning “over-casting” is a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.
Hyperbole is a figure of speech that uses an exaggerated or extravagant statement to create a strong emotional response. As a figure of speech it is not intended to be taken literally. Hyperbole is frequently used for humour.

Common Examples of Hyperbole:

My grandmother is as old as the hills.
Your suitcase weighs a ton!
She is as heavy as an elephant!
I am dying of shame.
I am trying to solve a million issues these days.
They ran like greased lightning.
He's got tons of money.
Her brain is the size of a pea.
He is older than the hills.
I will die if she asks me to dance.
She is as big as an elephant!
I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
I have told you a million times not to lie!
Examples of hyperbole are:
They ran like greased lightning.
He's got tons of money.
Her brain is the size of a pea.
He is older than the hills.
I will die if she asks me to dance.
She is as big as an elephant!
I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
I have told you a million times not to lie!

The media and the advertising industry often use hyperbole (which may then be described as hype or media hype).
It is important not to confuse hyperbole with simile and metaphor. It does make a comparison but unlike simile and metaphor, hyperbole has a humorous effect created by an overstatement.






 
References


Senin, 18 April 2016

collocation



Collocation
Definition of collocation
            A collocation is a combination of two or more words that are commonly used together, in a way that sounds natural to a native English speaker.
Types of colocation
1.     Adjective + noun
There are many adjective which can gather with noun, but I will write some adjectives to give you obvious example. Here are the examples of collocation adjective + noun:
*      He has been a heavy smoker and drinker all his adult life.
*      She speaks English quite well but with strong French accent.
*      They have a hard life and worked through a hard time. We don’t have hard evidence that they had used hard drugs.
*      The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
*      The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.

        2.    Noun + noun (such as collective noun)

*      I would like to buy two bars of soaps
*      There is a glass of water on the table.
*      Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
*      He will give a bar of chocolate to his girlfriend on Valentine ’s Day.
*      Her bouquet of flower is the best of all

        3.    Verb + noun

*      I always try to do my homework in the morning after making my bed
*      Do you think the bank would forgive a debt?
*      We are going to have lunch together, would you like to join??
*      Every day, I take a shower at 6 o’clock

       4.    Adverb + adjective

*      This test is ridiculously easy! I didn’t even study, but I will get high score.
*      Janet is a highly successful businesswoman. She owns several restaurants and hotels around the country.
*      That is utterly ridiculous. She didn’t steal your favorite book. She wasn’t even in the office yesterday.
*      Roger is strongly opposed to anything bad for health. He doesn’t eat junk food at all.
*      Are you okay? I am deeply concerned about you. You have been desperate since you lost your job.
  
                5. Verbs+ prepositional phrase (phrasal verb)

*      Their behavior was enough to drive anybody to crime
*      We had to return home because we had run out of money
*      I am going to look up the meaning in the dictionary
*      She is going to dress up for her first date with him.
*      You have to make up your mind before doing something.

         6.    Verb +adverb

*      Mary whispered softly in John’s ear.
*      The boy speaks politely, and is very well-behaved.
*      The accident happened because he was driving dangerously.
*      After 2 years in London, he speaks English fluently.
*      I waited patiently, but she never came.

         7.    noun + verb

*      The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
*      Snow was falling as our plane took off.










Conclusion:
Collocation adalah dua atau lebih kata-kata yang sering digunakan bersama untuk membentuk satu kesatuan makna.
Ada beberapa Jenis Collocation dan cara pembentukannya, yaitu:
  • Adverb + Adjective
  • Adjective + Noun
  • Noun + Noun
  • Noun + Verb
  • Verb + Noun
  • Verb + Expression With Preposition
  • Verb + Adverb

Reference

Senin, 11 April 2016

synoyms, antonyms and hyponym



Synonyms, Antonyms And Hyponym

Synonym

A synonym is a word that means exactly the same as, or very nearly the same as, another word in the same language. For example, "close" is a synonym of "shut".
Synonyms can be any part of speech (such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both words belong to the same part of speech. Examples:
  • verb
    • buy and purchase
  • adjective
    • big and large
  • adverb
    • quickly and speedily
  • preposition
    • on and upon
Synonym Examples
  • Annihilation, destruction, carnage, extinction
  • Benefit, profit, revenue, yield
  • Cunning, keen, sharp, slick
  • Destitute, poor, bankrupt, impoverished
  • Deterioration, pollution, defilement, adulteration
  • Enormous, huge, gigantic, massive
  • Fertile, fruitful, abundant, productive
  • House, dwelling, abode, domicile
  • Intelligent, clever, brilliant, knowledgeable
  • Loyal, faithful, ardent, devoted
  • Organization, institution, management
  • Partner, associate, colleague, companion
  • Polite, courteous, cordial, gracious
  • Risky, dangerous, perilous, treacherous
  • Sleepy, drowsy, listless, sluggish
  • Vacant, empty, deserted, uninhabited

Antonym

An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word. For example "bad" is an antonym of "good". Here are some more examples:
Antonym Examples
  • Achieve – Fail
  • Idle – Active
  • Afraid – Confident
  • Ancient – Modern
  • Blunt – Sharp
  • Brave – Cowardly
  • Cautious – Careless
  • Complex – Simple
  • Compliment – Insult
  • Brave – Cowardly
  • Crazy – Sane
  • Crooked – Straight
  • Decrease – Increase
  • Demand – Supply
  • Destroy – Create
  • Divide – Unite
  • Drunk – Sober
  • Innocent – Guilty
  • Compliment – Insult
  • Knowledge – Ignorance
  • Liquid – Solid
  • Lonely – Crowded
  • Major – Minor
  • Marvelous – Terrible
  • Mature – Immature
  • Maximum - Minimum
  • Noisy – Quiet
  • Optimist - Pessimist
  • Ordinary – Extraordinary
  • Partial – Complete
  • Passive – Active
  • Permanent – Unstable
  • Plentiful – Sparse
  • Positive – Negative
  • Powerful – Weak
  • Praise – Criticism
  • Shame – Honor
  • Simple - Complicated
  • Single – Married
  • Stiff – Flexible
  • Strength – Weakness
  • Sturdy – Weak
  • Sunny - Cloudy
  • Superb – Inferior
Hyponym

Hyponymy is a sense relation in semantics that serves to relate word concepts in a hierarchical fashion. Hyponymy is a relation between two words in which the meaning of one of the words includes the meaning of the other word. The lexical relation corresponding to the inclusion of one class in another is hyponymy. Examples are : apple- fruit ; car- vehicles ; tool- furntiture ; cow - animal.

The more specific concept is known as the hyponym, and the more general concept is known as the hypernym or superordinate. Apple is the hyponym and fruit is the superordinate / hypernymy. Hyponymy is not restricted to objects, abstract concepts, or nouns. It can be identified in many other areas of the lexicon.

E.g : a. the verb cook has many hyponyms.

Word: Cook

Hyponyms: Roast, boil, fry, grill, bake.

b. the verb colour has many hyponyms

Word: colour

Hyponyms: blue, red, yellow, green, black and purple

Hyponymy involves the logical relationship of entailment. Example : ‘There is a horse’ entails that ‘There is an animal”. Hyponymy often functions In discourse as a means of lexical cohesion by establishing referential equivalence to avoid repetition.

REFERENCES