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Rabu, 21 September 2016

DA

Hi….
Assalamu Alaikum …

 Discourse Analysis
What is Discourse?
  • Discourse is generally used to designate the forms of representation, codes, conventions and habits of language that produce specific fields of culturally and historically located meanings.
  • In semantics and discourse analysis: Discourse is a conceptual generalization of conversation within each modality and context of communication.
  • Discourse is the use of spoken or written language in a social context.
  • The definition of discourse is a discussion about a topic either in writing or face to face.
  • An extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

What is Analysis?
  • An examination of data and facts to uncover and understand cause-effect relationships, thus providing basis for problem solving and decision making.
  • Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.
  • The definition of analysis is the process of breaking down a something into its parts to learn what they do and how they relate to one another.
  • Analysis is a careful study of something to learn about its parts, what they do, and how they are related to each other
  • This process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its essential features and their relations: the grammatical analysis of a sentence.
What is Discourse Analysis?       
  • Discourse analysis is sometimes defined as the analysis of language 'beyond the sentence'.
  • the study of linguistic relations and structures in discourse
  • Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to analyze written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic event.
  • Discourse analysis is a broad term for the study of the ways in which language is used in texts and contexts.
  • Discourse analysis is a primarily linguistic study examining the use of language by its native population whose major concern is investigating language functions along with its forms, produced both orally and in writing.
Conclusion :
Definition of discourse analysis is a form of study which is researching and analyzing language, both spoken and written .
Discourse is actually a fusion between text and context . In other words , a text can be termed as a discourse that is no context .

References

Minggu, 12 Juni 2016

Final Project of ESP



CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
English become the internationally accepted language of almost all the fields of knowledge. Depending on their specific needs and requirements, new learners who knew specifically why they need English are created. In some cases people with inadequate proficiency in English need to be taught to handle specific jobs. To fulfill the needs of these new learners, new specific courses were designed and introduced. English For Specific Purpose is one of these specific courses.
ESP (English for Specific Purposes) is the activity of teaching learning of specific skills and language needed by particular learners for a particular purpose. This purpose must be a professional purpose, means the purpose is in the form of a set of skills that learners currently need or will need in their professional careers. It can be include business skills, such as English for Job-huntingor Presentations. ESP tends to focus on the learners' ability to function effectively at work, rather than purely their level of English.  The aim of ESP courses is to equip the learners with a certain English proficiencylevel for a situation where the language is going to be used, i.e., target needs.
            English For Specific Purposes is as most developments in human activity; English For Specific Purposes is not a plan and coherent movement, but rather a phenomenon that grow out of a number of converging trends because English had become international language, which all aspects used it. English  For Specific Purposes aims at acquainting learners with the kind of language needed in a particular domain, vocation, or occupation.
            English For Specific Purposes (ESP) is a learner-centered approach to teaching English as an additional language, which focuses on developing communicative competence in a specific discipline such as academics, accounting, agrology, business, IT, teaching, and engineering.
            A syllabus is your guide to a course and what will be expected of you in the course policies, rules and regulations, required texts, and a schedule of assignments. A syllabus can tell you nearly everything you need to know about how a course will be expected of you.
CHAPTER II
CONTENTS
This paper is talk about “Analyzing English Lesson in Nursing”.
Patients come in all different shapes and sizes. They also speak many different languages. Whether you are working abroad or at home, there will come a time when you will need to rely on English to communicate. By studying and practising Medical English, you will be able to make your patients feel more comfortable, and have a better understanding of their needs. You will also learn how to talk to their loved ones and communicate with other medical staff who speak English. Do the exercises and take the quizzes to test your knowledge and understanding.
               On the next page there is a syllabus in the nursing field to be analyzed .whether the syllabus and materials are appropriate field of nursing ? I think the existing syllabus and materials are in accordance with the nursing field. Because the contents of the syllabus and the material associated with hospitals , health , blood , nutrients , medicines and other things in the field of nursing .In nursing learning strategies that are commonly used in between discussions, simulations , assignments , discussion , team work , experiments and team teaching . The learning strategies used to facilitate the teaching and learning process of each student and each strategy has its advantages and disadvantages of each depends on the individual.
               Every lesson should have syllabus lesson plan (RPP), and module. Because without them the learning teaching process will not run properly.The syllabus function is a basic in studying activity. Some of advantages of syllabus is:  1. As a guide for continuity studying development, which is in a charge for arrange RPP, to managed studying activity, to supply a study source, and to develop evaluation system, 2. Giving a description about principal program which is want to reach in a study subject, 3. As a standard in a successful evaluation in studying program, 4. Written documentation as accountabilitation in study program.

               Based on the result of interviews some students said their lecture teach them very well, and the lecturer know how to make them understand quickly. In the learning process, they use two language, English and Indonesian, sometimes they also mix the two language to practice in the classroom and to improve their English. Their lecturer also give tasks for them and memorize much vocabulary used in nursing. Their lecture also give a test or quiz to find out if they are already understand about the material, after that they will study the next materials.
When they do not understand about the materials, they asked a friend who already understand or ask it directly to the lecturer. And they often do discussion, question and answer and team teaching.


CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

     English for Specific Purpose has emerged as a significant field in applied linguistics. It is mostly concerned with the learners’ needs for a specific field of academics or occupation. English For Specific Purpose also be used in nursing to support the students’ ability to know the various matters relating to their field in English language. Sometimes patients who come not only from Indonesia but also from abroad. Learn English in nursing is necessity to assist communication between nurses and patients.Every lesson should have syllabus lesson plan (RPP), and module. Because without them the learning teaching process will not run properly. So, syllabus, Lesson Plan (RPP), and module is important. Materials and major is important too. The relationship between materials and major had to come together and learning process goes well.





Senin, 30 Mei 2016

Simile



Simile Definition

A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or “as”. Therefore, it is a direct comparison.
We can find simile examples in our daily speech. We often hear comments like “John is as slow as a snail.” Snails are notorious for their slow pace and here the slowness of John is compared to that of a snail. The use of “as” in the example helps to draw the resemblance.

Some more examples of common similes are given below.
  • Our soldiers are as brave as lions.
  • Her cheeks are red like a rose.
  • He is as funny as a monkey.
  • The water well was as dry as a bone.
  • He is as cunning as a fox.
Simile inputs vividness into what we say. Authors and poets utilize comparisons to convey their sentiments and thoughts through vivid word pictures like a simile.
Similes can be found just about anywhere; from the printed word to oral conversation; in language, literature, and music. A simile is a figure of speech that compares two things that are alike in some way. To help you identify a simile versus a metaphor, know that the words “like” or “as” are typically used in a simile.
Well-known similes are:
  • “cute as a kitten,” comparing the way someone looks to the way a kitten looks
  • “as busy as a bee” comparing someone’s level of energy to a fast-flying bee
  • "as snug as a bug in a rug" comparing someone who is very cozy to how comfortable a bug can be in a rug
  • "as happy as a clam" comparing someone's happiness to the contentment of a clam
  • "Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're going to get." comparing the uncertainty of life to the uncertainty of choosing a chocolate from a box
  • "as agile as a monkey" implying someone can move as well as a monkey does
  • "as black as coal" comparing the color of something dark to the very-dark coal color
  • "as blind as a bat" indicating that the person cannot see any better than a bat
Similes Add Depth to Language

Similes can make our language more descriptive and enjoyable. Writers, poets, and songwriters make use of similes often to add depth and emphasize what they are trying to convey to the reader or listener. Similes can be funny, serious, mean, or creative.
Following are some examples of similes:
  • My love is like a red, red rose.
  • You were as brave as a lion.
  • They fought like cats and dogs.
  • He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
  • This house is as clean as a whistle.
  • He is as strong as an ox.
  • Your explanation is as clear as mud.
  • Watching the show was like watching grass grow.
  • That is as easy as shooting fish in a barrel.
  • This contract is as solid as the ground we stand on.
  • That guy is as nutty as a fruitcake.
  • Don’t just sit there like a bump on a log.
  • That went over like a lead balloon.
  • They are as different as night and day.
  • She is as thin as a toothpick.
  • Last night, I slept like a log.
  • This dress is perfect because it fits like a glove.
  • They wore jeans, which made me stand out like a sore thumb.
  • My love for you is as deep as the ocean.
  • I am so thirsty, that my throat is as dry as a bone.
  • As bold as brass
  • As bright as a button
  • As shiny as a new pin
  • As cold as ice
  • As common as dirt
  • As cool as a cucumber
  • As hard as nails
  • As hot as hell
  • As innocent as a lamp
  • A large as life
  • A light as a feather
  • As tall as a giraffe
  • As tough as nails
  • As white as a ghost
  • As sweet as sugar



References